在Substrate链上跑Solidity ERC20智能合约

本实践案例中，我们首先会搭建和启动一条substrate链，再通过MetaMask这款著名的**在Substrate链上跑Solidity ERC20

2.1.1 安装

$ git clone git@github.com:paritytech/frontier.git  $ cd frontier  (master)$ git log commit fcea97281661f0a0a4c28e46edbfb1238043471e Author: Wei Tang &lt;wei@that.world> Date:   Tue Jul 14 13:25:48 2020 +0200  (master)$ git submodule init 子模组 'vendor/ethereum' (https://github.com/rust-blockchain/ethereum) 已为路径 'vendor/ethereum' 注册 子模组 'vendor/evm' (https://github.com/rust-blockchain/evm) 已为路径 'vendor/evm' 注册 子模组 'vendor/substrate' (https://github.com/paritytech/substrate) 已为路径 'vendor/substrate' 注册  (master)$ git submodule update 正克隆到 'vendor/ethereum'... 处理 delta 中: 100% (930/930), done. 子模组路径 'vendor/ethereum'：检出 '4fdd3c8ac849f91f5352bc7dfc189144a09aac1e' 正克隆到 'vendor/evm'... 子模组路径 'vendor/evm'：检出 '84013f3ea23e436541f409c717134dd1536143de' 正克隆到 'vendor/substrate'... fatal: 引用不是一个树：b36fc2c849ae0cba434bb3ce82e0a4dda5bcbe7a 无法在子模组路径 'vendor/substrate' 中检出 'b36fc2c849ae0cba434bb3ce82e0a4dda5bcbe7a'  # 获取子模块有报错，单独clone substrate工程来解决 $ cd vendor $ /bin/rm -rf substrate $ git clone git@github.com:paritytech/substrate.git  # 注意：这里不能切换到最新的tag（v2.0.0-rc4），编译会报错，采用当前最新的master分支，可以正常编译frontier [Jason@RUAN:~/frontier/vendor/substrate] (master)$ git log commit 9b5a9cb9056f8ab049837d30b500fca78a6c362c Author: Shawn Tabrizi &lt;shawntabrizi@gmail.com> Date:   Thu Jul 16 02:21:15 2020 +0200

2.1.2 添加个人账号

在substrate frontier链的创世配置里面，内建我们在MetaMask上的自有账号，并初始化配置上足够的ETH数量，以便我们开发测试的需要。

拷贝个人测试账号地址

0x888a0bF014d1D6334002261BaC34a16f5Ce963ac

修改frontier/template/node/src/chain_spec.rs，添加以下内容：

+  29 use std::str::FromStr;  ! 141         let built_in_evm_account = ! 142             H160::from_str("888a0bF014d1D6334002261BaC34a16f5Ce963ac").unwrap(); ! 143         let mut evm_accounts = BTreeMap::new(); ! 144         //let ten: u128 = 10; ! 145         evm_accounts.insert( ! 146             built_in_evm_account, ! 147             evm::GenesisAccount { ! 148                 nonce: 0.into(), ! 149                 balance: (2018030320150719 as u128 * 10_u128.pow(18)).into(),    // 设置账户初始ETH余额，注意ETH有18位小数 ! 150                 storage: BTreeMap::new(),                                  ! 151                 code: WASM_BINARY.to_vec(), ! 152             },   ! 153         );

2.1.3 编译

$ cargo build --release

2.1.4 运行

(master)$ ./target/release/frontier-template-node purge-chain --dev Are you sure to remove "/root/.local/share/frontier-template-node/chains/dev/db"? [y/N]: y "/root/.local/share/frontier-template-node/chains/dev/db" did not exist.  (master)$ ./target/release/frontier-template-node  --dev --ws-external --rpc-external --rpc-cors=all 2020-07-18 22:59:28 Substrate Node 2020-07-18 22:59:28 ✌️  version 2.0.0-dev-fcea972-x86_64-linux-gnu 2020-07-18 22:59:28 ❤️  by Parity Technologies &lt;admin@parity.io>, 2017-2020 2020-07-18 22:59:28 📋 Chain specification: Development 2020-07-18 22:59:28 🏷  Node name: stimulating-hand-5352 2020-07-18 22:59:28 👤 Role: AUTHORITY 2020-07-18 22:59:28 💾 Database: RocksDb at /root/.local/share/frontier-template-node/chains/dev/db 2020-07-18 22:59:28 ⛓  Native runtime: node-frontier-template-1 (node-frontier-template-1.tx1.au1) 2020-07-18 22:59:28 🔨 Initializing Genesis block/state (state: 0x1e15…857d, header-hash: 0xa26e…22df) 2020-07-18 22:59:28 👴 Loading GRANDPA authority set from genesis on what appears to be first startup. 2020-07-18 22:59:29 ⏱  Loaded block-time = 6000 milliseconds from genesis on first-launch 2020-07-18 22:59:29 📦 Highest known block at #0 2020-07-18 22:59:29 Using default protocol ID "sup" because none is configured in the chain specs 2020-07-18 22:59:29 🏷  Local node identity is: 12D3KooWMgcWheT7cvvpaaKmqNLVPRpAkGLR9V1M7pfs43DxZU6c (legacy representation: QmRN3jaSxZV5dMk1P5tm1CB9oud8pU8SGZvrUFfuS9dNMQ) 2020-07-18 22:59:29 〽️ Prometheus server started at 127.0.0.1:9615 2020-07-18 22:59:30 🙌 Starting consensus session on top of parent 0xa26e0b7f2abed8a4bcf87ca45d20d7628cf22225dd522385e7b49ee6c30522df 2020-07-18 22:59:30 🎁 Prepared block for proposing at 1 [hash: 0xd3558be2df939b94ba94d82ded332216b0b06a55596d0a61a858aeaf7acc16c4; parent_hash: 0xa26e…22df; extrinsics (1): [0xead1…ac1b]] 2020-07-18 22:59:30 🔖 Pre-sealed block for proposal at 1. Hash now 0x8aa38d1228213371249ff83404bd8576e3e0bce6e120f93a9fe08ec2dfdc2d86, previously 0xd3558be2df939b94ba94d82ded332216b0b06a55596d0a61a858aeaf7acc16c4. 2020-07-18 22:59:30 ✨ Imported #1 (0x8aa3…2d86) 2020-07-18 22:59:34 💤 Idle (0 peers), best: #1 (0x8aa3…2d86), finalized #0 (0xa26e…22df), ⬇ 0 ⬆ 0 2020-07-18 22:59:36 🙌 Starting consensus session on top of parent 0x8aa38d1228213371249ff83404bd8576e3e0bce6e120f93a9fe08ec2dfdc2d86 2020-07-18 22:59:36 🎁 Prepared block for proposing at 2 [hash: 0x570be59726cf2018fab9e7bae77208a990921291fe8164bbc1df253f8142d3f6; parent_hash: 0x8aa3…2d86; extrinsics (1): [0xec7f…0d17]] 2020-07-18 22:59:36 🔖 Pre-sealed block for proposal at 2. Hash now 0xe9831c239f29745d79b0e72cc26c0db19ce4d0c7712a32dae4cc60f8ad538551, previously 0x570be59726cf2018fab9e7bae77208a990921291fe8164bbc1df253f8142d3f6. 2020-07-18 22:59:36 ✨ Imported #2 (0xe983…8551)

2.2 MetaMask接入frontier链

2.2.1 配置自定义RPC接入

这里ChainID填42，源于runtime中的定义：

parameter_types! {     pub const EVMModuleId: ModuleId = ModuleId(*b"py/evmpa");     pub const ChainId: u64 = 42;  }  impl evm::Trait for Runtime {     type ModuleId = EVMModuleId;     type FeeCalculator = FixedGasPrice;     type ConvertAccountId = HashTruncateConvertAccountId&lt;BlakeTwo256>;     type Currency = Balances;     type Event = Event;     type Precompiles = ();      type ChainId = ChainId; }

2.2.2 查看账户余额

2.2.3 开启Gas控制高级选项

开启该选项后，以便我们随意配置gas limit和gas price：

2.3 remix接入MetaMask

使用Injected Web3建立与MetaMask账号的连接

我们看到我们创建的账号已经成功接入remix，接下来，我们便可以进行ERC20合约的开发和部署了。

3 合约开发&部署

3.1

3.1.2 xyc.sol

pragma solidity ^0.6.0;  import "./SafeMath.sol";  abstract contract ERC20 {    function totalSupply() public virtual view returns (uint256);    function balanceOf(address owner) public virtual view returns (uint256);    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool);    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool);    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool);    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public virtual view returns (uint256);    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value); }  contract xyc is ERC20 {      using SafeMath for uint256;      string name = "XuanYuan Coin";     string symbol = "xyc";     uint8 decimals;     uint256 private _totalSupply;     mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;     mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;      constructor(uint256 myTotalSupply, uint8 mydecimals) public {         _totalSupply = myTotalSupply;         decimals = mydecimals;         _balances[msg.sender] = myTotalSupply;     }     function totalSupply() public override view returns (uint256) {        return _totalSupply;    }     function balanceOf(address _owner) public override view returns (uint256) {        return _balances[_owner];    }     function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public override returns (bool) {        require(to != address(0), "ERC20 ERROR: transfer from zero address");        require(value &lt;= _balances[msg.sender]);        require(_balances[to] + value >= _balances[to]);         _balances[msg.sender] = _balances[msg.sender].sub(value);        _balances[to] = _balances[to].add(value);         emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, value);         return true;    }     function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public override returns (bool) {        require(to != address(0));        require(value &lt;= _balances[from]);        require(value &lt;= _allowances[from][msg.sender]);        require(_balances[to] + value >= _balances[to]);         _balances[from] = _balances[from].sub(value);        _balances[to] = _balances[to].add(value);        _allowances[from][msg.sender] = _allowances[from][msg.sender].sub(value);         emit Transfer(from, to, value);         return true;    }     function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public override returns (bool) {        require(value &lt;= _balances[msg.sender]);        _allowances[msg.sender][spender] = value;        emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, value);        return true;    }     function allowance(address _owner, address spender) public override view returns (uint256) {        return _allowances[_owner][spender];    }     event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value); }

3.2

4 合约功能测试

通过`remix`完成对`ERC20`合约的功能测试。

4.1 查看发行量&余额

可见所有发行代币都归属于合约部署方地址。

4.2 转账测试

给账户2：`0x8A832874304Be72b299C0ED96f22B11311c9051C`，转账1000.00 XYC，查看账户1地址XYC代币数量为：9000.00，符合预期

在MetaMask上添加自定义代币

合约地址：`0xfE2dF1EE3783eBD46481e32d849acB49ec5004Bf`

代币发行方地址所剩代币为：9000.00 XYC

代币接收方地址代币数量为：1000.00 XYC

4.3 授权代理转账测试

为账户2转账ETH，用于支付gas费

用户1授权用户2可代理转账的代币数量为2000.00 XYC

查看用户2所能授权转账用户1的XYC代币

账号地址

Jasonruan `0x888a0bF014d1D6334002261BaC34a16f5Ce963ac`

Account 2 `0x8A832874304Be72b299C0ED96f22B11311c9051C`

Account 3 `0x6Be02d1d3665660d22FF9624b7BE0551ee1Ac91b`

用户2代理用户1给用户3转账2000.00 XYC

成功转账后，查看到用户2所能授权转账用户1的XYC代币数量为0

查看到账户3上XYC代币余额

再次查看账户1上的代币余额

账号	地址
Jasonruan	`0x888a0bF014d1D6334002261BaC34a16f5Ce963ac`
Account 2	`0x8A832874304Be72b299C0ED96f22B11311c9051C`
Account 3	`0x6Be02d1d3665660d22FF9624b7BE0551ee1Ac91b`

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2.1.1 安装

2.1.2 添加个人账号

2.1.3 编译

2.1.4 运行

2.2 MetaMask接入frontier链

2.2.1 配置自定义RPC接入

2.2.2 查看账户余额

2.2.3 开启Gas控制高级选项

2.3 remix接入MetaMask

3 合约开发&部署

3.1.2 xyc.sol

4 合约功能测试

4.1 查看发行量&余额

4.2 转账测试

4.3 授权代理转账测试

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2.1.1 安装

2.1.2 添加个人账号

2.1.3 编译

2.1.4 运行

2.2 MetaMask接入frontier链

2.2.1 配置自定义RPC接入

2.2.2 查看账户余额

2.2.3 开启Gas控制高级选项

2.3 remix接入MetaMask

3 合约开发&部署

3.1.2 xyc.sol

4 合约功能测试

4.1 查看发行量&余额

4.2 转账测试

4.3 授权代理转账测试

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